Na Zhao

Na Zhao, Ph.D., is a principal economist at NAHB where she is responsible for analyzing the local economic impact of home building and analyzing housing and industry data. She also conducts economic research on housing policies and monitors developments in government housing and real estate policies. She holds a master’s in consumer behavior and family economics, as well as both a master’s and doctorate in agricultural and applied economics from the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

Private Residential Construction Spending Rises in February 

Private residential construction spending increased by 1.3% in February, rebounding from a 1.2% dip in January. The growth was largely driven by higher spending on single-family construction and residential improvements. On a year-over-year basis, the February report showed a 1.6% gain, indicating a modest growth in private residential construction spending during market uncertainties.  The monthly…

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Affordability Pyramid Shows 94 Million Households Cannot Buy a $400,000 Home 

NAHB recently released its 2025 Priced-Out Analysis, highlighting the housing affordability challenge. While previous posts discussed the impacts of rising home prices and interest rates on affordability, this post focuses on the related U.S. housing affordability pyramid. The pyramid reveals that 70% of households (94 million) cannot afford a $400,000 home, while the estimated median…

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Lower Mortgage Rates, Better Affordability

As housing affordability remains a critical challenge across the country, mortgage rates continue to play a central role in shaping homebuying power. Mortgage rates stayed elevated throughout 2023 and early 2024. Recent data, however, shows a modest decline in mortgage rates. Even slight declines can have a significant impact on housing affordability, pricing more households…

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Inadequate Shelter: Millions of U.S. Homes Fail to Meet Standards

In 2023, nearly 6.45 million homes, around 5% of U.S housing stock, were classified as inadequate according to the American Housing Survey (AHS). Of these, 1.65 million homes were classified as severely inadequate, showing significant concerns over housing quality. While this reveals ongoing issues in nation’s housing conditions, it signals probable market growth for remodeling…

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January Private Residential Construction Spending Dips

Private residential construction spending declined by 0.4% in January, largely driven by a decrease in multifamily construction and home improvement spending. This decline followed three consecutive months of growth, indicating a downward shift in the monthly data.  Despite the monthly drop, spending remains 3.1% higher than a year ago, showing the resilience of the housing…

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