Long-term mortgage rates continued to decline in January. According to Freddie Mac, the 30-year fixed-rate mortgage averaged 6.10% last month, 9 basis points (bps) lower than December. Meanwhile, the 15-year rate declined 4 bps to 5.44%. Compared to a year ago, the 30-year rate is lower by 86 bps. The 15-year rate is also lower by 72 bps.
The 10-year Treasury yield, a key benchmark for long-term borrowing, averaged 4.20% in January – an increase of 8 bps from the previous month, but remained considerably lower than last year by 43 bps. While mortgage rates typically move in tandem with the treasury yields, the spread between the two narrowed during the month. Reports that the Trump administration encouraged Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to expand purchases of mortgage-backed securities (MBS) boosted demand for MBS, pushing mortgage rates lower.
However, treasury yields rose sharply in the final week of January from global and fiscal pressures. The impact of the rift with Europe and the broader reduction of international purchases of U.S. Treasuries has left a measurable impact on U.S. interest rates. The 10-year Treasury rate at the beginning of 2026 was at 4.11%. That rate has now increased to 4.26%. This unfortunately means the beneficial impact of the $200 billion of additional acquisition of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac MBS by those GSEs has been partially offset by international concerns.
