Mortgage application activity rose sharply in January, driven primarily by a surge in refinancing activity as mortgage rates declined to a new low. The Mortgage Bankers Association’s (MBA) Market Composite Index, a measure of total mortgage application volume, increased 12.9% from December on a seasonally adjusted basis and was 61.3% higher than a year earlier.
The average contract interest rate for 30-year fixed mortgages dropped 13 basis points (bps) to 6.2% following the announcement of $200 billion in mortgage-backed securities (MBS) buybacks by the GSEs. Compared with January 2025, the 30-year fixed mortgage rate was 81 bps lower. The decline in rates supported month-over-month gains in both purchase and refinance activity. Purchase applications increased 2.9%, while refinance applications surged 19.8%. Relative to January 2025, purchase activity increased 16.2%, while refinance applications jumped 143.8%.
By loan type, applications for fixed-rate mortgages (FRMs) and adjustable-rate mortgages (ARMs) increased 12.9% and 7.9% month-over-month, respectively. On a year-over-year basis, FRM applications were up 57.8%, while ARM applications more than doubled, rising 113.1%. As of January 2026, ARMs accounted for an average of 7.1% of total applications on a non-seasonally adjusted basis, down 0.4 percentage points from December but 1.7 percentage points higher than a year earlier.
For loan sizes, the average loan amount across the total market increased by 1.1% to $402,000. Average purchase loan sizes increased 2.5% to $435,400, while the refinance loan size increased modestly by 0.2% to $378,000. In contrast, the average ARM loan size continued to decline, falling 4.4% to $925,600.
