Private Residential Spending Falls Slightly in January

Private residential construction spending declined 0.6% in January, as spending on single-family construction decreased 1.7%. It declined on the eighth month in a row amid elevated mortgage interest rates. Moreover, private residential construction is 3.9% lower compared to a year ago.

The monthly decline is largely attributed to lower spending on single-family construction, which has been declining since June 2022. Compared to a year ago, spending on single-family construction was 18.4% lower. This is consistent with a pull back on single-family home building, as surging interest rates cooled the housing market since 2022.

Multifamily construction spending increased by 0.4% in January, after an increase of 1.9% in December. This was 20.6% over the January 2022 estimates, largely due to the strong demand for rental apartments. Private residential improvement spending edged up by 0.3% in January and was 9.0% higher compared to a year ago. The remodeling market continues to overperform the rest of the residential construction sector.

Keep in mind that construction spending reports the value of property put-in-place. Per the Census definition: The “value of construction put in place” is a measure of the value of construction installed or erected at the site during a given period. The total value-in-place for a given period is the sum of the value of work done on all projects underway during this period, regardless of when work on each individual project was started or when payment was made to the contractors. For some categories, published estimates represent payments made during a period rather than the value of work actually done during that period.

The NAHB construction spending index, which is shown in the graph below (the base is January 2000), illustrates how construction spending on single-family has slowed since early 2022 under the pressure of supply-chain issues and elevated interest rates. Multifamily construction spending has had solid growth in recent months, while improvement spending has increased its pace since early 2019. Before the COVID-19 crisis hit the U.S. economy, single-family and multifamily construction spending experienced solid growth from the second half of 2019 to February 2020, followed by a quick post-covid rebound since July 2020.

Spending on private nonresidential construction increased by 0.8% in January to a seasonally adjusted annual rate of $595 billion. The monthly private nonresidential spending decrease was mainly due to more spending on the class of manufacturing category ($7.9 billion), followed by the power category ($1 billion).