With the release of the final estimate of fourth quarter 2017 GDP growth (a 2.5% annual growth rate), housing’s share of gross domestic product (GDP) rose slightly to 15.4%. The home building and remodeling component – residential fixed investment – also increased slightly, rising to 3.5%.

Housing-related activities contribute to GDP in two basic ways.

The first is through residential fixed investment (RFI). RFI is effectively the measure of the home building, multifamily development, and remodeling contributions to GDP. It includes construction of new single-family and multifamily structures, residential remodeling, production of manufactured homes and brokers’ fees.

For the third quarter, RFI was 3.5% of the economy, reaching a $605 billion seasonally adjusted annual pace (measured in inflation adjusted 2009 dollars).

The second impact of housing on GDP is the measure of housing services, which includes gross rents (including utilities) paid by renters, and owners’ imputed rent (an estimate of how much it would cost to rent owner-occupied units) and utility payments. The inclusion of owners’ imputed rent is necessary from a national income accounting approach, because without this measure, increases in homeownership would result in declines for GDP.

For the third quarter, housing services was 11.9% of the economy or $2.06 trillion on seasonally adjusted annual basis.

Taken together, housing’s share of GDP was 15.4% for the quarter.

Historically, RFI has averaged roughly 5% of GDP while housing services have averaged between 12% and 13%, for a combined 17% to 18% of GDP. These shares tend to vary over the business cycle.

Tags: home building, housing, housing share of GDP, housing share of the economy, multifamily, remodeling, single-family